![]() The policy options are possible actions by policymakers, which may include Congress, federal agencies, state and local governments, academic and research institutions, and industry. GAO identified seven policy options that could help address these challenges or enhance the benefits of CCUS technologies. In the past, unsuccessful community engagement and local opposition have contributed to cancellation or relocation of some CCUS projects, while others were well received. Deploying CCUS projects relies on acceptance by and effective engagement with local communities. Timing of development, negotiating land access, and proximity of facilities are all challenges affecting this build-out. ![]() More widespread deployment of CCUS would require a build-out of infrastructure for each of its components, including transport and storage. Incentives such as federal tax credits help offset the high cost of CCUS for some but not all emitters. Deploying CCUS is an added cost to doing business but currently offers few opportunities to generate revenue. GAO identified three aspects of CCUS deployment where challenges may arise: However, many CO 2-based products are not competitive with conventional products, may be excluded from the market by industry standards, and lack a standardized method for ensuring they effectively reduce CO 2 emissions.Ĭomponents of carbon capture, utilization, and storage Companies are beginning to commercialize utilization technologies that convert captured CO 2 into valuable products such as ethanol, sustainable aviation fuel, and mineral aggregates. Technologies for transporting, storing, and directly using captured CO 2 are mature. Lengthy time to deployment and high costs hinder widespread deployment of both types of carbon capture in the near term. Direct air capture is not as mature, but has been implemented at pilot scale. Applications of capture technologies at point sources are mature in some sectors (e.g., natural gas processing) but require further demonstration in some of the highest-emitting sectors (e.g., power generation). Carbon capture includes technologies that separate and purify carbon dioxide (CO 2) from a source, which could be an industrial facility (point-source capture) or the atmosphere (direct air capture). Many technologies for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) are ready for wider demonstration or deployment, but multiple challenges limit their use.
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